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WOMEN NOBEL AWARDED


List of female Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
All Nobel Prizes won by women
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Women in society
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The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, Physiology or Medicine and Economics.[1] All but the economics prize were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel prize in Economics, or The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for outstanding contributions in the field of Economics.[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.[2]
As of 2017, Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 844 men, 48 women (Marie Curie won it twice), and 27 organizations.[4][5][6] Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, fourteen have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, twelve have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, four have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, two have won the Nobel Prize in Physics and one, Elinor Ostrom, has won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.[5][7] The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.[5][8] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.[5] The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates. The most recent women to be awarded a Nobel Prize were Tu Youyou and Svetlana Alexievich (2015).

Laureates[edit]

YearImageLaureateCountryCategoryRationale
1903Marie Curie.jpgMarie Skłodowska Curie
(shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel)		Poland and FrancePhysics"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"[8]
1905Bertha von Suttner nobel.jpgBertha von SuttnerAustria–HungaryPeaceHonorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau, Bern, Switzerland; Author of Lay Down Your Arms.[9]
1909Selma Lagerlöf.jpgSelma LagerlöfSwedenLiterature"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[10]
1911Marie Curie.jpgMarie Skłodowska CuriePoland and FranceChemistry"for her discovery of radium and polonium"[11]
1926Grazia Deledda 1926.jpgGrazia DeleddaItalyLiterature"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[12]
1928Sigrid Undset 1928.jpgSigrid UndsetNorwayLiterature"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[13]
1931Jane Addams profile.jpgJane Addams
(shared with Nicholas Murray Butler)		United StatesPeaceSociologist; International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[14]
1935Irène Joliot-Curie Harcourt.jpgIrène Joliot-Curie
(shared with Frédéric Joliot-Curie)		FranceChemistry"for their synthesis of new radioactiveelements"[15]
1938Pearl Buck 1972.jpgPearl S. BuckUnited StatesLiterature"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[16]
1945Gabriela Mistral-01.jpgGabriela MistralChileLiterature"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[17]
1946EmilyGreeneBalch.jpgEmily Greene Balch
(shared with John Raleigh Mott)		United StatesPeaceFormerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[18]
1947Gerty Theresa Cori.jpgGerty Theresa Cori
(shared with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay)		United StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[19]
1963Maria Goeppert-Mayer.jpgMaria Goeppert-Mayer
(shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner)		United StatesPhysics"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"[20]
1964Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpgDorothy Crowfoot HodgkinUnited KingdomChemistry"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[21]
1966Nelly Sachs 1966.jpgNelly Sachs
(shared with Samuel Agnon)		Sweden and GermanyLiterature"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[22]
1976Betty Williams.jpgBetty WilliamsUnited KingdomPeaceFounder of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)[23]
Mairead Corrigan Gaza.jpgMairead Maguire
1977Rosalyn Yalow - portrait.jpgRosalyn Sussman Yalow
(shared with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally)		United StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for the development of radioimmunoassaysof peptide hormones"[24]
1979MotherTeresa 090.jpgMother TeresaIndia and
Yugoslavia		PeaceLeader of Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta.[25]
1982ARB-Alva-Myrdal.jpgAlva Myrdal
(shared with Alfonso García Robles)		SwedenPeaceFormer Cabinet Minister; Diplomat; Writer.[26]
1983Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) shown in her laboratory in 1947.jpgBarbara McClintockUnited StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[27]
1986Rita Levi Montalcini.jpgRita Levi-Montalcini
(shared with Stanley Cohen)		Italy and
United States		Physiology or Medicine"for their discoveries of growth factors"[28]
1988Nci-vol-8236-300 Gertrude Elion.jpgGertrude B. Elion
(shared with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings)		United StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[29]
1991Nadine Gordimer 01.JPGNadine GordimerSouth AfricaLiterature"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"[30]
Remise du Prix Sakharov à Aung San Suu Kyi Strasbourg 22 octobre 2013-18.jpgAung San Suu KyiBurmaPeace"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"[31]
1992Rigoberta Menchu 2009 cropped.jpgRigoberta MenchúGuatemalaPeace"in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"[32]
1993Toni Morrison 2008-2.jpgToni MorrisonUnited StatesLiterature"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[33]
1995Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard mg 4383.jpgChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard
(shared with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus)		GermanyPhysiology or Medicine"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[34]
1996Szymborska 2011 (1).jpgWisława SzymborskaPolandLiterature"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"[35]
1997JodyWilliamsMay2010.jpgJody Williams
(shared with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines)		United StatesPeace"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"[36]
2003Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpgShirin EbadiIranPeace"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"[37]
2004Elfriede jelinek 2004 small.jpgElfriede JelinekAustriaLiterature"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[38]
Wangari Maathai in Nairobi.jpgWangari MaathaiKenyaPeace"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[39]
LindaBuck cropped 1.jpgLinda B. Buck
(shared with Richard Axel)		United StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for their discoveries of odorant receptorsand the organization of the olfactory system"[40]
2007Doris lessing 20060312 (square).jpgDoris LessingUnited KingdomLiterature"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"[41]
2008Françoise Barré-Sinoussi-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-1.jpgFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi
(shared with Harald zur Hausen and Luc Montagnier)		FrancePhysiology or Medicine"for their discovery of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus"[42]
2009Elizabeth Blackburn CHF Heritage Day 2012 Rush 001.JPGElizabeth Blackburn
(shared with Jack W. Szostak)		Australia and United StatesPhysiology or Medicine"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"[43]
GREIDER Carol 2014 - Less vignetting.jpgCarol W. Greider
(shared with Jack W. Szostak)		United States
Ada E. Yonath.jpgAda E. Yonath
(shared with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz)		IsraelChemistry"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"[44]
Müller, Herta.IMG 9379 cropped.JPGHerta MüllerGermany and RomaniaLiterature"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"[45]
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-30.jpgElinor Ostrom
(shared with Oliver E. Williamson)		United StatesEconomics"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[46]
2011Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, April 2010.jpgEllen Johnson SirleafLiberiaPeace"For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[47]
Leymah-gbowee-at-emu-press-conference.jpgLeymah Gbowee
Tawakkul Karman (Munich Security Conference 2012).jpgTawakel KarmanYemen
2013
Alice Munro.jpg
Alice MunroCanadaLiterature"master of the contemporary short story"[48]
2014
May-Britt Moser 2014.jpg
May-Britt Moser
(shared with Edvard Moser and John O'Keefe)		NorwayPhysiology or Medicine"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"[49]
Malala Yousafzai at Girl Summit 2014.jpgMalala Yousafzai
(shared with Kailash Satyarthi)		Pakistan and IndiaPeace"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".[50]
2015Tu Youyou 5012-1-2015.jpgTu Youyou
(shared with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura)		ChinaPhysiology or Medicine"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria"[51]
Swetlana Alexandrowna Alexijewitsch.jpgSvetlana AlexievichBelarusLiterature"for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time"[52]

References[edit]

General
Specific
  1. Jump up^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  3. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the originalon 2008-10-15. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  4. Jump up^ "Nobel Laureates Facts". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
  6. Jump up^ "Nobel Laureates Facts - Organizations". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  7. Jump up^ "Economics 2009". Nobel Foundation. 2009-10-12. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  9. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1905". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  10. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  11. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  12. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1926". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  13. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1928". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  14. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1931". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  15. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  16. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1938". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  17. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1945". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  18. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1946". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  19. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  20. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  21. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  22. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1966". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  23. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  24. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  25. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  26. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1982". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  27. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  28. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  29. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  30. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  31. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  32. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  33. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  34. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  35. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  36. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
  37. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  38. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  39. Jump up^ "Nobel Peace Prize 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  40. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  41. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  42. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  43. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
  44. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
  45. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
  46. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Economics 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  47. Jump up^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
  48. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013"(PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
  49. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  50. Jump up^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2014"(PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-10.[permanent dead link]
  51. Jump up^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015"(PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
  52. Jump up^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 8 October2015.

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